The product uses a database table that includes records that should not be accessible to an actor, but it executes a SQL statement with a primary key that can be controlled by that actor.
When a user can set a primary key to any value, then the user can modify the key to point to unauthorized records. Database access control errors occur when: - Data enters a program from an untrusted source. - The data is used to specify the value of a primary key in a SQL query. - The untrusted source does not have the permissions to be able to access all rows in the associated table.
Assume all input is malicious. Use a standard input validation mechanism to validate all input for length, type, syntax, and business rules before accepting the data. Use an "accept known good" validation strategy.
Use a parameterized query AND make sure that the accepted values conform to the business rules. Construct your SQL statement accordingly.
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High