Source: security@qnapsecurity.com.tw
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability has been reported to affect License Center. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to obtain secret data. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: License Center 2.0.36 and later
License Center is vulnerable to an out-of-bounds read vulnerability, allowing a remote attacker with a valid user account to potentially exfiltrate sensitive data. Successful exploitation could lead to confidentiality breaches and compromise of critical system information. Mitigation requires upgrading to version 2.0.36 or later.
Step 1: Account Compromise: The attacker must first obtain a valid user account within License Center. This could be achieved through various means, such as credential stuffing, phishing, or exploiting other vulnerabilities.
Step 2: Input Manipulation: The attacker crafts a specially crafted request to the License Center application. This request contains malicious input designed to trigger the out-of-bounds read vulnerability.
Step 3: Vulnerability Trigger: The License Center application processes the attacker's request, and the vulnerable code path is executed. Due to the lack of proper bounds checking, the application attempts to read data from memory locations outside of the allocated buffer.
Step 4: Data Exfiltration: The out-of-bounds read allows the attacker to access and potentially exfiltrate sensitive data stored in memory. The attacker can then use this data to further compromise the system or gain unauthorized access.
The vulnerability stems from an out-of-bounds read within the License Center application. The root cause likely involves improper bounds checking when processing user-supplied input or accessing data structures. Specifically, a function or process within the application fails to validate the size or index of data being accessed, leading to a read operation that extends beyond the allocated memory buffer. This could be due to a missing or incorrect check on an array index, a calculation error in determining the memory offset, or an integer overflow that results in an incorrect memory address. The attacker leverages a valid account to trigger the vulnerable code path, potentially by crafting a malicious request that provides input designed to trigger the out-of-bounds read. The resulting read operation allows the attacker to access memory locations containing sensitive data, such as API keys, database credentials, or other confidential information. The specific function or logic flaw is not explicitly stated, but the vulnerability type points to a memory management error.
No specific APT groups or malware families are directly linked to this vulnerability at this time. However, the potential for data exfiltration makes it attractive to various threat actors. This CVE is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Monitor License Center application logs for unusual activity, such as unexpected errors, excessive resource usage, or suspicious request patterns.
Analyze network traffic for unusual patterns, such as large data transfers from the License Center server or requests containing suspicious payloads.
Implement file integrity monitoring to detect any unauthorized modifications to License Center application files.
Review authentication logs for suspicious login attempts or account activity.
Monitor for attempts to access sensitive files or directories on the License Center server.
Upgrade License Center to version 2.0.36 or later to patch the vulnerability.
Implement strong password policies and enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all user accounts.
Regularly review user accounts and remove any inactive or unnecessary accounts.
Implement a web application firewall (WAF) to filter malicious traffic and protect against common web attacks.
Conduct regular vulnerability scans and penetration testing to identify and address security weaknesses.
Implement least privilege access control to limit the impact of a potential breach.