Source: cna@vuldb.com
A security vulnerability has been detected in campcodes School File Management System 1.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /save_file.php. The manipulation of the argument File leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.
Campcodes School File Management System 1.0 is vulnerable to a critical security flaw allowing for unrestricted file uploads via the /save_file.php endpoint. This vulnerability enables remote attackers to upload malicious files, potentially leading to remote code execution (RCE) and complete system compromise. Immediate patching and mitigation are crucial to prevent exploitation.
Step 1: Reconnaissance: The attacker identifies the target system running Campcodes School File Management System 1.0 and identifies the /save_file.php endpoint.
Step 2: Payload Creation: The attacker crafts a malicious file, such as a PHP web shell or a script designed to exploit other vulnerabilities on the server.
Step 3: Payload Delivery: The attacker uses a tool like curl or a custom script to send an HTTP POST request to /save_file.php, including the malicious file as the File argument.
Step 4: File Upload: The vulnerable script processes the request and uploads the attacker's file to a publicly accessible directory on the server, without proper validation.
Step 5: Post-Exploitation: The attacker accesses the uploaded file (e.g., the web shell) through a web browser or other means, triggering the execution of the malicious code and gaining control of the server.
The vulnerability stems from a lack of proper input validation and sanitization within the /save_file.php script when handling the File argument. The script likely fails to check the file type, size, or content, allowing attackers to upload arbitrary files, including web shells, executable scripts, or other malicious payloads. The root cause is a missing or inadequate implementation of security controls such as file extension whitelisting, file size limits, and content type validation. This allows attackers to bypass security measures and upload malicious files to the server.
While no specific APTs are directly linked to this CVE at this time, the ease of exploitation makes it attractive to various threat actors. The vulnerability could be leveraged by ransomware groups, botnet operators, or nation-state actors. This CVE is not currently listed in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, but this may change rapidly.
Monitor web server access logs for suspicious POST requests to /save_file.php with file uploads.
Analyze uploaded files for malicious content using file scanning tools and YARA rules.
Implement Intrusion Detection System (IDS) rules to detect attempts to upload files with suspicious extensions (e.g., .php, .asp, .exe).
Monitor file system activity for newly created files in unexpected directories, especially those with executable extensions.
Examine network traffic for unusual outbound connections originating from the web server after a file upload.
Implement input validation and sanitization on the File argument in /save_file.php. This includes whitelisting allowed file extensions, limiting file sizes, and validating content types.
Implement file upload directory restrictions, ensuring uploaded files are not directly executable by the web server.
Use a web application firewall (WAF) to filter malicious requests and block attempts to upload unauthorized files.
Regularly update the Campcodes School File Management System to the latest version or apply security patches as they become available.
Implement a robust backup and recovery strategy to restore the system in case of a successful attack.
Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing to identify and address vulnerabilities.