Source: cna@vuldb.com
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in PHPGurukul Land Record System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /admin/admin-profile.php. The manipulation of the argument Admin Name leads to cross site scripting. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
PHPGurukul Land Record System 1.0 is vulnerable to a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack due to insufficient input validation in the /admin/admin-profile.php file. This allows attackers to inject malicious JavaScript code into the application, potentially leading to account compromise and data theft through the execution of arbitrary code in the victim's browser.
Step 1: Payload Delivery: An attacker crafts a malicious payload containing JavaScript code (e.g., <script>alert('XSS')</script>) and submits it as the 'Admin Name' through a specially crafted HTTP request to the /admin/admin-profile.php file.
Step 2: Data Storage: The vulnerable application stores the malicious payload in its database or session storage associated with the administrator profile.
Step 3: Payload Rendering: When an administrator views their profile or any page that displays the 'Admin Name', the application retrieves the stored payload.
Step 4: Code Execution: The application renders the 'Admin Name' without proper sanitization. The browser interprets the injected JavaScript code, executing the attacker's payload within the context of the administrator's session.
Step 5: Attack Completion: The executed JavaScript code can perform various malicious actions, such as stealing session cookies, redirecting the user to a phishing site, or defacing the website.
The vulnerability stems from a lack of proper sanitization or encoding of user-supplied input within the /admin/admin-profile.php file, specifically when handling the 'Admin Name' parameter. The application fails to adequately filter or escape special characters, allowing an attacker to inject malicious JavaScript code. When the application renders the 'Admin Name' in the user's browser, the injected script is executed, leading to XSS. The root cause is likely a missing or inadequate use of functions like htmlspecialchars() or similar output encoding mechanisms to prevent the interpretation of HTML tags and JavaScript code.
While no specific APTs are directly linked to this CVE, the ease of exploitation and the potential for account compromise make it attractive to various threat actors. This vulnerability could be leveraged by attackers for initial access, leading to further attacks. Not currently listed on CISA KEV.
Web application firewall (WAF) logs showing suspicious HTTP requests containing JavaScript payloads in the 'Admin Name' parameter.
Server-side logs indicating unusual activity related to the /admin/admin-profile.php file, such as a high volume of requests or requests with unusual parameters.
Network traffic analysis revealing the presence of XSS payloads in HTTP responses.
Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems alerting on suspicious user activity, such as multiple failed login attempts or unusual administrative actions after a potential XSS attack.
Implement input validation and sanitization: Ensure that all user-supplied input, especially the 'Admin Name' parameter, is validated and sanitized before being stored or displayed. Use functions like htmlspecialchars() or similar encoding mechanisms to escape special characters.
Implement output encoding: Encode all output to prevent the browser from interpreting HTML tags and JavaScript code. This includes encoding the 'Admin Name' when it is displayed on the page.
Update to a patched version: If a patched version of PHPGurukul Land Record System is available, update immediately.
Web Application Firewall (WAF): Deploy a WAF to filter malicious requests and block XSS attacks.
Regular security audits and penetration testing: Conduct regular security audits and penetration tests to identify and address vulnerabilities.
Least Privilege: Ensure that administrator accounts have the minimum necessary privileges.