Source: vulnreport@tenable.com
Netgear RAX43 version 1.0.3.96 does not utilize secure communications to the web interface. By default, all communication to/from the device is sent via HTTP, which causes potentially sensitive information (such as usernames and passwords) to be transmitted in cleartext.
Netgear RAX43 routers running firmware version 1.0.3.96 are vulnerable to a critical information disclosure flaw. The device's web interface uses unencrypted HTTP, exposing sensitive data like credentials to interception. This allows attackers to easily steal usernames and passwords, leading to complete device compromise and potential network infiltration.
Step 1: Network Sniffing: An attacker on the same network (or positioned as a MITM) monitors network traffic using tools like Wireshark or tcpdump. Step 2: HTTP Traffic Capture: The attacker captures HTTP traffic destined for the router's web interface (typically port 80). Step 3: Credential Extraction: The attacker analyzes the captured HTTP traffic and extracts the cleartext username and password from the login request. Step 4: Device Access: The attacker uses the stolen credentials to log into the router's web interface. Step 5: Device Compromise: The attacker gains full control of the router, potentially modifying settings, installing malware, or using it as a pivot point to attack other devices on the network.
The root cause of CVE-2021-20169 is the lack of secure communication (HTTPS) for the web interface of the Netgear RAX43 router. The router defaults to using HTTP, which transmits all data, including authentication credentials, in cleartext. This design flaw allows for easy man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. The web server likely lacks configuration for HTTPS, or the HTTPS configuration is not enabled by default. The vulnerability is not a code-level flaw like a buffer overflow or SQL injection, but rather a configuration and design oversight that prioritizes ease of use over security. The lack of HTTPS allows for trivial sniffing of credentials using tools like Wireshark or tcpdump. The web server's configuration file (e.g., httpd.conf) likely does not have HTTPS enabled or configured properly.
While no specific APT groups are directly linked to this CVE, the ease of exploitation makes it attractive to a wide range of attackers, including financially motivated actors and nation-state actors. This vulnerability could be used as an initial access vector. CISA KEV: Not listed.
Network traffic analysis: Monitor for HTTP traffic to the router's IP address on port 80.
Packet capture: Analyze HTTP traffic for cleartext username and password submissions.
Log analysis: Examine router logs for suspicious login attempts or configuration changes.
IDS/IPS signatures: Implement signatures to detect cleartext credential transmission.
Honeypots: Deploy honeypots mimicking the vulnerable router to attract and analyze attacker activity.
Upgrade to a patched firmware version that enables HTTPS by default or provides a configuration option to enforce HTTPS.
Disable HTTP access to the web interface and redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS.
Change the default router password to a strong, unique password.
Implement network segmentation to isolate the router from sensitive internal network segments.
Regularly audit router configurations and logs for suspicious activity.
Consider using a VPN to encrypt all traffic to and from the router.