Source: cve@mitre.org
openITCOCKPIT before 3.7.1 has reflected XSS in the 404-not-found component.
OpenITCOCKPIT versions prior to 3.7.1 are vulnerable to Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks. This allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into the web application, potentially leading to session hijacking, data theft, or complete control of the user's browser. Successful exploitation requires a user to click a crafted link, making social engineering a key component of the attack.
Step 1: Crafting the Malicious URL: The attacker constructs a URL containing a JavaScript payload within the request path. This payload is designed to execute arbitrary code when the URL is accessed. For example, the payload could be designed to steal the user's session cookie.
Step 2: User Interaction: The attacker sends the crafted URL to a target user, often through phishing or social engineering techniques. The user is tricked into clicking the malicious link.
Step 3: Request to the Server: The user's browser sends a request to the openITCOCKPIT server with the malicious URL.
Step 4: 404 Error Trigger: The server, upon receiving the request, determines that the requested resource does not exist, triggering the 404-not-found component.
Step 5: Payload Reflection: The 404-not-found component reflects the attacker's JavaScript payload within the error page, without proper sanitization or encoding.
Step 6: Payload Execution: The user's browser executes the injected JavaScript code in the context of the openITCOCKPIT domain, allowing the attacker to perform actions on behalf of the user.
The vulnerability lies within the 404-not-found component of openITCOCKPIT. The application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input within the URL, specifically when handling requests for non-existent resources. This allows an attacker to inject arbitrary JavaScript code into the URL, which is then reflected back to the user's browser within the 404 error page. The lack of proper input validation and output encoding is the root cause, enabling the execution of malicious scripts in the context of the vulnerable application.
While no specific APT groups are directly linked to this CVE, the ease of exploitation makes it attractive to various threat actors. This vulnerability could be leveraged as part of a larger attack chain. CISA KEV status: Not Listed
Monitor web server logs for unusual URL patterns containing JavaScript payloads (e.g., <script>, onerror, javascript:).
Analyze HTTP request logs for suspicious user agents or patterns of requests that trigger 404 errors with unusual payloads.
Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to detect and block XSS attempts.
Monitor network traffic for unusual outbound connections from user browsers, which could indicate data exfiltration by a malicious script.
Upgrade to openITCOCKPIT version 3.7.1 or later.
Implement a Content Security Policy (CSP) to restrict the execution of inline scripts and scripts from untrusted sources.
Sanitize all user-supplied input before displaying it on the web pages.
Encode output properly to prevent the execution of malicious scripts.
Regularly scan the application for vulnerabilities using automated tools.