CVE-2018-18602

Step 1: User Enumeration: The attacker sends a series of crafted requests to the Guardzilla Cloud API, attempting to determine valid usernames. This can be achieved by brute-forcing common usernames or leveraging publicly available information.

Step 2: Account Validation: The API responds with different error codes or responses based on whether a username exists. The attacker analyzes these responses to identify valid usernames.

Step 3: Access Request: Once a valid username is identified, the attacker may attempt to access the camera feed associated with that account. This could involve exploiting other vulnerabilities or leveraging default credentials, if present.

Step 4: Unauthorized Monitoring: If successful, the attacker gains access to the camera feed, allowing them to monitor the camera's view without authorization.

The vulnerability stems from a flawed implementation of the Cloud API's user authentication and authorization mechanisms. Specifically, the API lacks proper input validation and rate limiting on user enumeration requests. This allows attackers to systematically query the API for existing user accounts. Once a valid username is identified, the lack of robust access controls allows attackers to potentially access camera feeds associated with those accounts. The root cause is likely a combination of insufficient access control checks and a failure to properly sanitize user input, leading to unauthorized access and data leakage.