Source: cve@mitre.org
The Cloud API on Guardzilla smart cameras allows user enumeration, with resultant arbitrary camera access and monitoring.
Guardzilla smart cameras are vulnerable to a critical security flaw allowing for unauthorized access and monitoring through user enumeration. Attackers can exploit the Cloud API to identify valid user accounts and subsequently gain control of the cameras, potentially leading to privacy breaches and surveillance. This vulnerability poses a significant risk to users' personal security and data privacy.
Step 1: User Enumeration: The attacker sends repeated requests to the Guardzilla Cloud API, attempting to register or log in with various usernames or email addresses. Step 2: Validation Check: The API responds differently based on whether the provided username/email is valid (e.g., different error messages or response codes). Step 3: Account Identification: The attacker analyzes the API responses to identify valid user accounts. Step 4: Access Attempt: Using the identified valid user account, the attacker attempts to access the camera feed or settings, potentially using default credentials or exploiting other vulnerabilities. Step 5: Camera Control: Successful exploitation grants the attacker unauthorized access to the camera's video stream, audio, and potentially control over its functions.
The vulnerability stems from a flaw in the Guardzilla Cloud API's user authentication and authorization mechanisms. Specifically, the API lacks proper rate limiting and input validation during user enumeration attempts. Attackers can repeatedly query the API with different usernames or email addresses to determine if they are valid. Once a valid user is identified, the attacker can potentially leverage other vulnerabilities (not explicitly stated in the CVE but implied) or default credentials to gain access to the camera's video feed and settings. The root cause is likely a failure to implement robust authentication checks and input sanitization, allowing attackers to bypass security controls and access sensitive information. The absence of proper authorization checks on the API endpoints further exacerbates the issue, enabling unauthorized access to camera resources.
While no specific APT groups are directly linked to this CVE in the provided information, the nature of the vulnerability makes it attractive to various threat actors. The potential for surveillance and privacy breaches could be of interest to state-sponsored actors, cybercriminals, and other malicious entities. CISA KEV status is unknown based on the provided information.
Monitor network traffic for unusual API requests to the Guardzilla Cloud API, especially those involving user registration, login attempts, or password reset requests.
Analyze API logs for repeated failed login attempts or requests with a high frequency from a single IP address or user agent.
Inspect network traffic for requests containing known Guardzilla API endpoints and parameters.
Implement intrusion detection system (IDS) rules to flag suspicious API activity, such as brute-force attempts or unusual data exfiltration patterns.
Monitor for unauthorized access to the camera's video feed or settings through network monitoring tools.
Implement rate limiting on the Guardzilla Cloud API to restrict the number of requests from a single IP address or user account within a specific time period.
Enforce strong password policies and encourage users to change their default credentials.
Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) to add an extra layer of security to user accounts.
Validate all user inputs to prevent injection attacks and other vulnerabilities.
Regularly update the Guardzilla camera firmware to patch known vulnerabilities.
Segment the network to isolate the cameras from other sensitive systems.
Monitor network traffic for suspicious activity and respond promptly to security alerts.
Disable or restrict access to the Cloud API if it is not essential for camera functionality.