Source: cna@vuldb.com
A vulnerability was found in rf Keynote up to 0.x on Rails. It has been rated as problematic. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file lib/keynote/rumble.rb. The manipulation of the argument value leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 1.0.0 is able to address this issue. The patch is identified as 05be4356b0a6ca7de48da926a9b997beb5ffeb4a. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. VDB-217142 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
rf Keynote versions prior to 1.0.0 are vulnerable to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks due to improper handling of user-supplied input within the lib/keynote/rumble.rb file. This allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users, potentially leading to account compromise or data theft.
Step 1: Identify Vulnerable Parameter: The attacker identifies a parameter within the rf Keynote application that is used to display user-supplied data.
Step 2: Craft Malicious Payload: The attacker crafts a malicious JavaScript payload (e.g., <script>alert('XSS')</script>) designed to execute within the victim's browser.
Step 3: Inject Payload: The attacker injects the malicious payload into the vulnerable parameter, typically through a crafted URL or form submission.
Step 4: Server Processes Request: The server receives the request containing the malicious payload.
Step 5: Data is Processed: The application processes the request, likely retrieving the attacker's input from a database or other source.
Step 6: Output Generation: The application generates an HTML response that includes the attacker's input without proper sanitization or encoding.
Step 7: Payload Execution: The victim's browser receives the HTML response, which includes the malicious JavaScript payload. The browser then executes the JavaScript.
Step 8: Attack Success: The malicious JavaScript executes, potentially leading to various attacks, such as cookie theft, session hijacking, or redirection to malicious websites.
The vulnerability stems from a lack of proper input validation and output encoding within the keynote/rumble.rb file. Specifically, user-controlled data is likely being directly incorporated into the HTML output without sanitization. This allows an attacker to inject malicious JavaScript code into the application's response. The root cause is a failure to escape or encode user-supplied data before it is rendered in the browser. This could be due to a missing or inadequate use of a templating engine's built-in escaping mechanisms or a custom implementation that fails to account for all possible attack vectors. The lack of proper input validation further exacerbates the issue, allowing the attacker to craft payloads that bypass any rudimentary checks.
While no specific APTs are directly linked to this specific CVE, XSS vulnerabilities are commonly exploited by various threat actors. This type of vulnerability is often used as a stepping stone for further attacks. CISA KEV status: Not Listed.
Web Application Firewall (WAF) Logs: Examine WAF logs for attempts to inject JavaScript code (e.g., <script>, onerror, onload).
HTTP Request Logs: Analyze HTTP request logs for suspicious parameters containing HTML tags or JavaScript code.
Network Traffic Analysis: Monitor network traffic for unusual patterns, such as requests containing malicious payloads or redirects to suspicious domains.
Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) Alerts: Configure SIEM rules to detect XSS attempts based on known attack patterns.
Vulnerability Scanners: Run vulnerability scans to identify XSS vulnerabilities in web applications.
Browser Developer Tools: Inspect the HTML source code of web pages for unexpected JavaScript code or unescaped user input.
Upgrade to Version 1.0.0 or Later: The primary remediation is to upgrade the rf Keynote application to version 1.0.0 or later, which includes the patch (05be4356b0a6ca7de48da926a9b997beb5ffeb4a).
Input Validation: Implement robust input validation to filter out or sanitize potentially malicious characters and patterns.
Output Encoding: Implement proper output encoding (e.g., HTML encoding) to ensure that user-supplied data is rendered safely in the browser.
Content Security Policy (CSP): Implement a Content Security Policy (CSP) to restrict the sources from which the browser can load resources, mitigating the impact of XSS attacks.
Web Application Firewall (WAF): Deploy a WAF to detect and block XSS attempts.
Regular Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing to identify and address vulnerabilities.
Security Awareness Training: Train developers on secure coding practices, including how to prevent XSS vulnerabilities.