Source: cve@mitre.org
SQL injection vulnerability in XWiki Enterprise before 2.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
XWiki Enterprise versions prior to 2.5 are vulnerable to a critical SQL injection flaw, allowing remote attackers to inject malicious SQL commands. Successful exploitation grants attackers the ability to execute arbitrary code on the server, potentially leading to complete system compromise and data exfiltration.
Step 1: Payload Delivery: The attacker identifies an input field or parameter within XWiki Enterprise that is vulnerable to SQL injection. This could be a form field, URL parameter, or other input mechanism.
Step 2: Payload Injection: The attacker crafts a malicious SQL payload. This payload is designed to execute arbitrary SQL commands. The payload is inserted into the identified input field.
Step 3: Query Execution: The application, lacking proper input validation, incorporates the attacker's payload directly into a SQL query. The database server then executes this modified query.
Step 4: Command Execution: The database server executes the injected SQL commands. This could involve retrieving sensitive data, modifying data, or even executing operating system commands if the database server is configured to allow it.
Step 5: Data Exfiltration/System Compromise: Depending on the injected SQL commands, the attacker can achieve various objectives, such as stealing sensitive information (e.g., usernames, passwords, financial data), modifying data to gain unauthorized access, or gaining complete control of the server.
The vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and sanitization of user-supplied data before it is used in SQL queries. Specifically, the application fails to properly escape or filter special characters within user inputs, allowing an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This injected code can then be executed by the database server, leading to unauthorized access, modification, or deletion of data. The root cause is a lack of parameterized queries or prepared statements, and/or improper use of escaping functions when constructing SQL queries dynamically. The specific function or logic flaw is likely within the code that handles user input and constructs SQL queries, such as those related to user authentication, data retrieval, or data modification. The absence of proper input validation allows attackers to manipulate the SQL query, leading to the execution of arbitrary SQL commands. This could involve bypassing authentication, retrieving sensitive information, or modifying the database.
While no specific APT groups are definitively linked to this specific CVE, SQL injection is a common attack vector used by various threat actors. This vulnerability could be leveraged by financially motivated attackers, nation-state actors, or any group seeking to compromise web applications. CISA KEV status: Not Listed
Monitor web server logs for suspicious SQL syntax, such as single quotes, double quotes, semicolons, and other SQL keywords in user input.
Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to detect and block SQL injection attempts.
Analyze database query logs for unusual activity, such as unexpected queries or queries with suspicious parameters.
Use intrusion detection systems (IDS) and intrusion prevention systems (IPS) with signatures for known SQL injection patterns.
Monitor network traffic for unusual database interactions, especially from external sources.
Employ static and dynamic code analysis tools to identify potential SQL injection vulnerabilities in the application code.
Upgrade to XWiki Enterprise version 2.5 or later.
Implement parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection. This ensures that user input is treated as data and not as executable code.
Sanitize and validate all user input to remove or escape special characters that could be used in SQL injection attacks.
Use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to filter malicious traffic.
Regularly scan the application for vulnerabilities using automated tools.
Implement the principle of least privilege for database accounts. Limit the permissions of database users to only what is necessary.
Review and audit the application code to identify and fix any remaining SQL injection vulnerabilities.